a highly prized variety of betel nut (areca nut) indigenous to the fertile, tropical regions of Northeast India.
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Growth Habit: It develops into a tall, slender, and elegant evergreen palm tree that typically rises to heights of 12 to 20 meters (40–70 feet) at full maturity.
Foliage & Trunk: Features a smooth, grayish, ringed trunk topped with an attractive crown of dark green, feathery fronds spanning up to 2 meters in length.
Lifespan: A single healthy tree has an incredibly long-lasting productive lifespan, yielding fruit for 50 to 100 years.
Climate: Thrives best in warm, humid tropical and sub-tropical zones with stable temperatures hovering between 22°C and 35°C.
Soil: Prefers deep, fertile, and well-draining soils like alluvial soil, sandy loams, or clay loams. It struggles in heavy waterlogged zones, which trigger root rot.
Sunlight: Requires 4 to 6 hours of bright sunlight daily. While mature trees thrive in direct sunlight, young saplings need partial shade to prevent leaf scorching.
Fruiting Cycle: Traditional varieties yield their first harvest within 5 to 7 years. Modern hybrid dwarf strains (like the Assam Pati or Sumangala lines) can begin fruiting much quicker, sometimes within 3 to 4 years or at shorter heights. The tree generally blooms from November to February, and the fruits take 8 to 9 months to fully ripen.